Othello Compare and Contrast The Two Wives - 1627 Words

Bob Mudd Compare and contrast the two characters Desdemona and Emilia from the play Othello. Desdemona and Emilia Comparison and Contrast In the play Othello the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare., there are two prominent women that grab and hold our attention. One is the wife of the play’s heroic character Othello; the other is engaged to an untrustworthy man named Iago. The women are part of, but yet serve as a small piece of what goes on in the play and which is how the conflict of the play finally comes to an agreement. These two feminine figures of the play can be compared and contrasted in more than one way. A key to understanding the two women is to understand their husbands: Desdomana is married to Othello, a general in†¦show more content†¦A significant difference between Desdemona and Emilia is reflected in their morals. This is best shown in their intent to be faithful to their husbands. Desdemona has never even thought of engaging sexually with anyone other than Othello, but at some point in the play Emilia admits that she would be unfaithful to Iago in the right circumstances. It is in this part of the play that Desdemona tells her father. (Aside: Iago’s plot was to convince Desdomona’s father that Othello had in fact kidnapped her when in fact he wooed her and won her as an ideal wife.) Desdemona explains that she was in no way taken by Othello, and explains just how much she loves him. â€Å"My noble father, I do perceive here a divided duty: To you I am bound for life and education; My life and education both do learn me How to respect you; you are th e lord of duty; I am hitherto your daughter: but heres my husband, And so much duty as my mother showd to you, preferring you before her father, So much I challenge that I may profess due to the Moor my lord. (I.III.28-37) . In this part of the play Iago indicates his low opinion of Emilia. â€Å"To have a foolish wife.† (III.III.32) This would speak of their bitter and untrustworthy love for each other, because they both are dishonest. By contrast, this is the exact opposite of the loving and trusting (at least initially) relationship between Desdemona and Othello. Another dissimilarity between Desdemona and Emilia is in the level of maturity andShow MoreRelatedComparison Between Othello And Emilia1147 Words   |  5 PagesRussell COM1102 1 August 2014 Compare and Contrast Desdemona and Emilia in â€Å"Othello† In the play Othello, by William Shakespeare, there are two significant ladylike assumes that draw in our consideration. One is the wife of the play s tragic saint Othello; the other is locked in to one of the best malevolent individuals ever Iago. They are an imperative piece of what goes ahead in the play and inevitably how the genuine issue of the play is settled. These two females of the play might be investigatedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Ghost 2757 Words   |  12 Pagesvictim to a woman deserving of the title ‘Th’imperial join tress of this warlike state’ is similar to Emilia’s confession in ‘Othello’’s finale. Both villains of Shakespeare’s tragedies never foresaw their wives’ disobedience and this inadequacy proved to be lethal in leading to their cataclysmic demise. Shakespeare’s conveyance of misogynistic attitudes can also be seen in ‘Othello’. As one of the greatest villain in Shakespeare’s tragedies, Iago is extremely skeptical of women to the point that he isRead More The Role of Femininity in Shakespeares Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear2337 Words   |  10 PagesThe Role of Femininity in Shakespeares Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear similarly experience an unhooking (Tompkins) in the eponymous plays. These tragic figures struggle with internal and external femininity: after realizing their emotions and labeling them feminine, they identify women as the source of this negative femininity. Their inability to deal with the female gender in any form destabilizes their masculinity, causing an unhooking/unlatching within themRead MoreCompare the Presentation of the Themes Obsession and Control Found in The Collector, Othello and The Picture of Dorian Gray2681 Words   |  11 PagesCompare the presentation of the themes obsession and control found in The Collector, Othello and The Picture of Dorian Gray Shakespeare employs obsession as a thematic device extensively in Othello with many characters exhibiting complexes which come into direct conflict with the fixations of others, highlighting the self-destructive and all-consuming nature of obsession. This is reinforced by the climax of the play, the deaths of Othello, Desdemona and Emilia and Iago’s subsequent arrest and tortureRead MoreWomen in William Shakespeare’s Plays Essay2376 Words   |  10 Pagesfemale characters, one has to remember that the plays were written in a time when women were considered weak-minded creatures who were apt to make bad choices if given the freedom.   Shakespeare, for the most part, divided his female characters into two categories.   One was the docile, obedient, virtuous woman, the heroine in some cases, who embodied all that was desirable in a female.   The other was the independent, dominating, evil counterpart.   Ã‚  Ã‚   It’s difficult to comprehend exactly how

The street doesn’t adopt pets Free Essays

The street doesn’t adopt pets, that is what I tell myself when I see some animals wandering around the streets, in the case of our city the most of these poor animals are dogs that for some reason ended In that way. I am against of this situation, not only because it brings a bad aspect for the city, but also those dogs deserve a better life like any other animal, maybe they can ‘t get an owner, but shelter and food are essential things that they should have, so a program to help them to satisfy those eeds would be awesome and Is something that I hope become real as soon as possible. First, though It Is true that many mongrels were born In the streets and get angry or act In an aggressive way with humans, this Is not a reason to leave them alone, living a dangerous life, because the cycle Is going to repeat over and over, and that Is not a choice, so one solution Is to take them to temporary homes while they are puppies. We will write a custom essay sample on The street doesn’t adopt pets or any similar topic only for you Order Now second, some people believes that the best way to end with this problem would be creating campaigns to kill these poor animals. Although there may e lower dogs wandering around than before, this is not even an option to take in consideration, because killing animals is a crime according to the law, and also killing an animal that could be considered like a pet is an indignant act. Finally, in spite of the fact that the cost of keeping dogs in shelters with food and water is just too costly, the price paid for leave this situation in the same way in the long term is even higher. An example of this would be the increase of attacks of mad dogs due to the great population of mongrels starving in the streets. To conclude, I’d like to talk about a group called ADA (Association in Defence of Animals) who look after the care and treatment of these helpless animals, so then taking them to temporary homes until they can be adopted. I admire the great devotion that this group of people put in each case, as an example, I could talk about the day when I knew about their work. It was the last month when I was with my dog in its veterinarian, these guys entered with a dog in a very bad state and ask to the doctor to give him an immediate treatment. How to cite The street doesn’t adopt pets, Papers

Business Communication Methods-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthlep.com

Question: Discuss about the Implementation of Digital Communication tools from Direct and Instant messaging to Social Intarnet, chat rooms to discussion forums on Charles Schwab brokerage firm and how can affect the work of each department. Answer: Introduction The report gives an overview of the business communication undertaken by Charles Schwab Brokerage Firm. Thus, the report gives an overview of the Charles Schwab Brokerage Firm. There is also discussion on the importance of timing and up to date information in a financial industry. The report also discusses about the real execution of the communication strategies that includes chat rooms, discussion forums, internal blogs and instant and direct messaging facilities. Further, the report also discusses about the impact of the communication strategies on the brokerage firm. There are also necessary recommendations provided on the improvement of the company. Overview on Charles Schwab Brokerage Firm Charles Schwab Brokerage Firm is largest in terms of a brokerage firm with around 10 million active brokerage accounts of clients and $2.90 trillion assets of Client. The firm found by Charles R. Schwab in the year 1971 located in San Franscisco, California. The company however became Charles Schwab Co., Inc. in the year 1973. The company offers services to institutions and individuals that make online investment ("Investment Services: Stocks, Mutual Funds, ETFs | Charles Schwab", 2017). Moreover, the company also offers a platform for online trading where sale and purchase of financial securities takes place. The financial securities offered by the company includes preferred stocks, common stocks, future contracts, mutual funds, exchange traded funds and investments on fixed income. In addition, the firm also provides cash management services and margin lending which they do with the help of registered investment advisors. Presently, the firm has 335 branches with around 16,000 full time employees. These employees are responsible for the operation of the four primary divisions that includes wealth management, banking, trading and investing (Answers to Investing Retirement Questions | Charles Schwab", 2017). The company however has a prolonged history of corporate social responsibility that included employee volunteerism, community involvement and financial education program. However, the initiatives undertaken by the company includes: They initiate a program along with partnership with boys and girls club of America that teaches them basic techniques about money so that they can spend, save and invest wisely. They also collaborate with MoneyWise website and implement workshops for tackling topics related to money management along with engaging content and hands-on tool. The firm also initiates financial education in classrooms Ensures financial support for a variety of community and charity event especially selected by the employees. The firm develops, implements and researchers numerous environment friendly practices for reduction of the carbon footprint. The customers of Charles Schwab Brokerage Firm can feel confident about the fact that the company ensures safety of their personal information ("How to Invest | How to Invest Money | Charles Schwab", 2017). The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), Customer Protection Rule and Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC) along with Llyods coverage of additional SIPC make sure that the customer does not undergo extreme financial losses even if the company goes bankrupt. The firms security guarantee protects the customers from 100% losses. Importance of Timing and Up- to- date Information in Financial Industry Timing Market timing plays a very important role in the financial industry. The timing plays an important role due to the increasing message rates, higher trading of frequency and deeper analytic queries. This has set the need for precision of micro second level precision in the financial sector (Barron, Byard Liang, 2013). Thus, market timing refers to the strategy that deals with making buying or selling decisions of financial assets through the prediction of future movements of market price. The prediction however depends on outlook of the economic or market conditions resulting from fundamental or technical analysis. Market timing is sensible when there is an apparent bubble that has the capability of lasting for many years before the collapse of the prices. However, market timing is another name that defines trading (Shichor, 2012). Timing is crucial because every trader attempts to predict the futuristic price movements regardless of the fact whether trading is on individual stocks or collection of stocks including mutual funds. In absence of market timing trading of brokerage firms would not have taken place. Up to date Information The financial service industry has a vital role in World economy as it helps in moving money from entities that has excess funds to the ones that are in dire need for fund. Therefore, the financial service industry includes firms engaged in activities like lending, investing, insurance, trading, securities, brokerage firms and security insurance. Their clients however include individuals, non profit organizations, businesses and agencies of government (Poess et al., 2014). Of them, brokerage firm facilitates in the selling and buying of financial securities amongst the seller and the buyer. These firms trade securities and public stocks through its stockbrokers. Such firms are also responsible for offering margin loans for purchasing investments on the credit subjected to the agreed conditions and term. However, the traditional brokerage firms are source of updated stock quotes as well as prices. Thus, up to date information helps financial service industry in keeping a track of thes e stocks. Real Execution of Communication Strategies Thus to conceive, implement and ensure actual execution of communication strategies like direct and instant messaging, chat rooms, internal blogs and discussion forums there is the need for three critical components (Downs Adrian, 2012): The first step refers to the implementation of a higher level strategy. This includes increasing awareness, community and generation of publicity. The second step refers to the mid level strategy which mainly focuses on increasing the traffic. The third step however refers to low level strategy where the focus is mainly on the fact that the implementation of these communication strategies proves to be beneficial for the financial sector. How the Communication Strategies help the Company Instant and Direct Messaging The Direct and Indirect messaging facilities enables people in using chat communication via internet for relaying real time information in back and forth manner. Often this is as a tool for social media networking however many company makes use of these instant messaging facilities as part of their business routine (Pazos, Chung Micari, 2013). The instant messaging facilities are communication strategies with various advantages and disadvantages mentioned as follows: Ensure Cost Saving The financial sector through facilities of instant messaging enables real time communication among two people in any portion of world without having to pay charges for the domestic or international distances by only using a telephone. It is these phone companies that offer various plans for this unlimited instant messaging across local and long distance. Thus, the reduced cost associated with the instant messaging facilities proves to be beneficial for the financial industry. Ensure Convenience The financial industry through the instant messaging facilities also ensures convenience as they allow fast real time conversation. Thus, the instant messaging facilities will not stop a business associate from whatever he or she is doing in order to answer to the higher authorities. Invitation to Virus In instant message facilities the sender possesses the power to send files during conversation. Though this amounts of some amount of convenience amongst the business associates but at the same time can come across as an internet criminal or hacker. Instant message invites viruses that can not only destroy the entire network but also the computer. Risk of Sharing Sensitive Information There might be chances when the instant messaging program gets hacked by the criminals and therefore important messages get encrypted without prior knowledge to the financial industry. Sharing information through instant messaging therefore becomes a risk for the future and current projects of the company. Chat Rooms Businesses make use of Chat rooms for connecting with other office, potential customers and clients (Wild, Wild Han, 2014). There is a place for chat for almost every company which enables them to interact quickly with the visitors. The benefits of having chat rooms are as follows: Ensuring Brainstorming: The Chat rooms ensures the most secure location for the employees of any financial company for the purpose of meeting and brainstorming Enables Conferencing with the Clients: The Chat rooms enables the users to take a part in the discussion from any location and thereby come to any ideal solution (Jenks, 2014). Thus, the real time interactions do not require the employees to closely sit together which makes the discussion more comfortable. Provides Customer Support The concept of live Chat room has become quite common for business websites as they enable them in providing immediate answers to the client questions. Ensures Distance Training The chat room provides easier and lower cost means for the training of the employees. However, the trainers can be online through chat at varied points throughout the week thereby allowing employees in accessing training as per their convenient time (Chang Wang, 2012). Employee Support Chat room can also act as a support for the employees as they can clear their queries by entering into a live chat. Leads to Enhanced Productivity Through the live chat room facilities employees tend to become more productive as they do have to travel for attending a conference or discussion. Discussion Forums The discussion forum plays a crucial role for any financial industry and people get attracted towards any discussion forum for the following reasons (Hartman, DesJardins MacDonald, 2014). Ensures Providing Customer Support The financial industry focuses on undertaking discussion forum for ensuring happy customers. Helps in Retention of the Audience The presence of the discussion forum also helps audience retention. The industry can however create such forums either through social media platforms or a well designed website. Helps in Market Research However for any business market research is an important aspect. Therefore, the financial industry must do it rightly by adopting the right approach (Quinn, 2014). Thus, collection of information should be done in a manner so that the audience do not act like guinea pigs. It is here that discussion forum comes into play provides information related to market. Enables Personal Interaction Most of the clients look forward to invest in a company with a good image. Discussion forum not only helps in personal interaction with their clients but at the same time helps in portraying a good image of the company. Provides Customer Based Support The presence of discussion forums enables the company in answering the questions rightly. This procedure thus might have a dramatic effect on the retention of the customers. Enables Project Management or Collaboration There are times when a financial company finds itself in a soup as it is unable to find the right approach that works for the company. However, discussion forum helps in finding such approach. Helps in Creation of Knowledge Base The knowledge base is important for a financial company as it beneficial to the clients, customers and employees (Jussila, Krkkinen Aramo-Immonen, 2014). This is however enabled through discussion forum. In addition, this also helps for on boarding of newer employees Internal Blogs Internal Blogs will enrich the financial company in a number of ways which are as follows (Treem Leonardi, 2013): Helps in knowledge and information sharing: Internal blog acts powerful tool for the financial industry in terms of knowledge sharing and information. When a change in an organization needs to communicated to everyone then blogging seems to be very helpful. Helps in communicating the vision of the company: An internal blog helps in effectively communicating the vision of the company and its core values to the employees. This helps the employees in collectively working towards them. Helps in increased involvement and communication: The internal blog also aids the employees in publishing a post and accordingly gather ratings and comments for such discussion and keep it going (Chau Xu, 2012). This promotes open communication amongst employees thereby boosting their involvement and employee engagement. Helps in building the community and culture of the company: Internal blog by the financial company help in fostering its culture and ensure a sense of community building. However, the employees can use blogs for promoting the upcoming events, celebrating employee milestones and also increase awareness. Recommendation The implementation of the digital communication tool can lead to improvement in the functioning of the financial sector through: Support Service through Every Channel The financial institutions through digital communication tools can escape the risk of losing the customers to the competitors. This can be done through the effective use of email, web, instant messaging, social media, videoconferencing and instructional videos. Ensure More Secured Interactions: The financial institutions through the effective use of digital communication tools can also lead to more secured information by maintaining privacy, identification of theft and keeping information secured. Conclusion The report ends in the note light of providing necessary recommendations that will lead to improvement of the brokerage firm. Through the report one also gets to know the real execution of the communication strategies in a financial industry. These strategies however include chat rooms, discussion forums, internal blogs and instant and direct messages. There is also a mention of how these communication strategies are helping the brokerage firm under discussion. Through the report one will also get to know how timing and up to date information is necessary for a financial organization References: Answers to Investing Retirement Questions | Charles Schwab. (2017).Schwab.com. Retrieved 30 November 2017, from https://www.schwab.com/public/schwab/investing/why_choose_schwab Barron, O. E., Byard, D., Liang, L. (2013). Analyst pessimism and forecast timing.Journal of Business Finance Accounting,40(5-6), 719-739. Chang, D. S., Wang, T. H. (2012). Consumer preferences for service recovery options after delivery delay when shopping online.Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal,40(6), 1033-1043. Chau, M., Xu, J. (2012). Business intelligence in blogs: Understanding consumer interactions and communities.MIS quarterly,36(4). Downs, C. W., Adrian, A. D. (2012).Assessing organizational communication: Strategic communication audits. Guilford Press Hartman, L. P., DesJardins, J. R., MacDonald, C. (2014).Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. How to Invest | How to Invest Money | Charles Schwab. (2017).Schwab.com. Retrieved 30 November 2017, from https://www.schwab.com/public/schwab/investing/retirement_and_planning/how_to_invest Investment Services: Stocks, Mutual Funds, ETFs | Charles Schwab. (2017).Schwab.com. Retrieved 30 November 2017, from https://www.schwab.com/public/schwab/investing/invest.h Jenks, C. (2014).Social interaction in second language chat rooms. Edinburgh University Press. Jussila, J. J., Krkkinen, H., Aramo-Immonen, H. (2014). Social media utilization in business-to-business relationships of technology industry firms.Computers in Human Behavior,30, 606-613. Pazos, P., Chung, J. M., Micari, M. (2013). Instant messaging as a task-support tool in information technology organizations.The Journal of Business Communication (1973),50(1), 68-86. Poess, M., Rabl, T., Jacobsen, H. A., Caufield, B. (2014). TPC-DI: the first industry benchmark for data integration.Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment,7(13), 1367-1378. Quinn, M. J. (2014).Ethics for the information age. Pearson. Shichor, D. (2012). The late trading and market-timing scandal of mutual funds.Crime, law and social change,57(1), 15-32. Treem, J. W., Leonardi, P. M. (2013). Social media use in organizations: Exploring the affordances of visibility, editability, persistence, and association.Annals of the International Communication Association,36(1), 143-189. Wild, J. J., Wild, K. L., Han, J. C. (2014).International business. Pearson Education Limited.

Raymond Carvers Cathedral Essay Example

Raymond Carvers Cathedral Paper Raymond Carvers Cathedral: Religious Undertones Revealed However, this epiphany was not Just about the ignorant man attaining insight, but a divine realization. In Carvers Cathedral the main character not only experiences an epiphany Into keenness. He also awakens too world of religious insight. There are several indicators that affirm this assertion. First, the title Cathedral and symbolism behind using a cathedral instead of any other place or object. The actions and dialogue throughout the story have religious undertones. Lastly, Carvers previous and succeeding works provide a foundation for the belief that Cathedral has religious internment. The title Cathedral in itself predisposes the reader to have some kind of idea that the story will pertain to religion. Before even beginning to read the story, the reader has already entered into the world of religion, faith, and Holiness. A cathedral Is a holy place where people gather to worship. This signifies unity, and having faith in something superior and larger than humanity. Carver could have used any other venue or object to serve as the item to be drawn by the characters in his story, and as the title. Besides the lucid use of the title, cathedrals are brought up during the story when the narrator and Robert are watching T. V. This sparks conversation and Robert asks the narrator if he is in any way religious. He responds, l guess I dont believe in it. In anything. Sometimes its hard. You know what Im saying? (Carver 29) The narrators answer to Roberts question proves how ignorant and unknowing he is. Writer Monroe Engel has noted, In Cathedral, starting with the title Itself, the religious context is strategic and surely highly conscious, its all a matter of negative reference. We will write a custom essay sample on Raymond Carvers Cathedral specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Raymond Carvers Cathedral specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Raymond Carvers Cathedral specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Religious allusion suggests what is missing from the life depicted. It is not part of the present context of that life. (Engel 165) Monroe demonstrates that the narrator, whom does not have any religious beliefs, sakes It known to the reader so that one can understand the realization that he has later on during the story. The narrator not only lacks the ability to express himself intelligently, but also lacks knowledge concerning transcendent matters. Carver deliberately included that conversation to foreshadow the marvel near the ending of the story. The opposing view would say that Carver was referring to a humanly awakening, and nothing more. Writer Mark Facility stated: Grace, Carver says, is 1 OFF Detested upon us Day toner mortals, Ana t I comes sensually, Orleans In circumstances as mundane as a visit to the barber hop [It is] Not Grace in the Christian sense at all, it is what grace becomes in a godless worlda deep and creative connection between humans that reveals to Carvers alienated and diminished creatures that there can be contact in a world they supposed was empty of sense or love in the cathedrals we draw together, we create large spaces for the spirit. (Worthwhile 470) I completely disagree with this acquisition, of the research that I have done on Raymond Carver, I could not find this quote in which he supposedly said these fallible remarks. If Carver were referring too humanly happening, then he would not eave repeatedly used words that have religious meaning. Grace by definition is the unmerited favor and love of God. It is impossible for a writer to make such obvious references to prayer, God, and devils without having spiritual suggestions. In addition to the title and use of the word cathedral in the title. The dialogue leads the reader to believe that there are religious elements in the story. The first instance is when the narrator, his wife, and Robert are sitting at the table, about to eat dinner. The narrator blurts out, Now let us pray. Pray the phone wont ring and the food doesnt get cold. (Carver 26) This incontestably displays that the narrator views religion, or God as a Joke. He is apparently mocking prayer, which to many believers is something holy. He has no moral values, and does not care that he is exposing his views to a stranger. Later on in the story, Carver uses more innuendos of religion. For example, when the narrator is explaining to Robert, whats happening on the T. V. Screen. The scene that is described is men wearing cowls, being tormented by men dressed up as devils, and wearing skeleton costumes. Robert comments, Skeletons, I know about skeletons. (Carver 27) This leads me to believe that Robert is alluding to his discernment of the spiritual life and death, confirming that he is wiser and enlightened, unlike the narrator. Yet once again in the short story, during conversation, the narrator speaks about God. In those olden days, when they built cathedrals, men wanted to be close to God. In those olden days, God was an important part of everyones life. You could tell this from their cathedral- building (Carver 29) By making this statement, the narrator is implying that God is no longer important to people, and that being religious is an obsolete concept. After analyzing the several examples, I assert that Carver purposefully included these lines in his short stories to associate his characters too religious meaning. He recurrently addressed the topics, of God, prayer, devils, and cathedrals in Cathedral. Geoffrey Wolff, a student of Carver made a comment in an interview that further affirmed that Carver chose these words, and dialogues carefully and purposefully. Ray believed in the power of language so profoundly, it was so sacred to him, that he understood, as few people understand, that words are loaded pistols. Sometimes to say something, to name it, is to enact it. So there were certain words he would not say. (Halter 184). It is this reverence for language, the suspicion of its mystical and incarnation power, which causes Carvers spirituality to depend largely upon ineffable encounters with nature rather than the spoken word. (Worthwhile 461) If Carver was so incredibly meticulous with choosing his words when speaking, then why would he use words in his writing such as bevels, tormenting, Go, religious, Ana prayer I en only explanation would D he was trying to convey religious and/or spiritual ideas. If he did not, then he would not have utilized those specific words. In Carvers short story Will You Please Be Quiet Please? He also uses religious connotations through an epiphany. Literary critic, Arthur Bethel elaborates: Silence does not efface Ralph; quite to the contrary, through sexual intercourse with his wife, Ralph is born a new man, a sensual man, Carver underscoring the positive nature of this development with the words marveling and stupendous. Creation can be wonderfully enormous, indeed, even religious; hence the appropriateness of Rallys bath before the sexual encounter with its baptismal annotations; the conclusions quasi biblical rhythms; and, most importantly, the echoes of the creation scene in Genesis, of Gods moving upon the face of the waters. (Bethel 133) This story is about the relationship off man and his wife. How the man views her, and his own sexuality. In the story, Ralph appears to be an outcast in the world of carnal knowledge. At the end of the story he springs to life sexually. Somehow, Carver uses everyday events and happenings to illustrate spiritual revelations. In another one of Carvers short stories, The Students Wife, there are more tinges o divinity. After a sleepless night, the young woman Nan, begins to see her surroundings from a different perspective. The sunlight is terrible, and her husband seems desperate in his sleep, the bed sheets become white grossly before her eyes. She gets down on her knees and says God, God will you help us, God? At this moment in the story she experiences an epiphany, everything around her is menacing, and seems uneasy. In a frightening and anxious moment of hopelessness, she then surrenders herself to God, and asks for his help. Carver could not have used a more clear implication. This calling onto God by Nan, is similar to the moment when Jesus cries out to his Father in his final moments of physical life. My God, why hast thou forsaken me? (Matthew 27:46) In no way can Nan, a young woman, be compared to Jesus. However, the two incidents may be associated by the desperate act of calling on God, in a moment of disparity. Several of Carvers writings include epiphanies probably due to the fact that he experienced one during his own life. After being an alcoholic, and hospitalized four times within two years, he quit drinking. This life-altering event of becoming sober apparently influenced his short stories. Carver most likely experienced an epiphany of Gods revelation in a moment of desperation, and through his characters and writing he recreated his own encounter. After analyzing Cathedral and the manner of writing and diction that Carver used, it is evident that he made religious suggestions. The title Cathedral alludes to religion, and worship. The dialogue throughout the story, which includes various words, such as God, religious, and devils, suggests a divine revelation. Quite few of Carvers other short stories have religious indications as well. The mentioned stories include Will You Please be Quite Please? and The Students Wife. Both have obvious referrals to God, and epiphanies. It is evident that Carver intentionally made these religious references in his works to signify that his seemingly simple and short stories truly convey much deeper truths. It is not difficult to realize this by reading the stories, without even having to scrutinize them. The echoing hints all prove that Carver was consciously trying to illustrate the everlasting mundane AT men seeking Works cited ten celestial.

Free Essays on Polluting

Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment. It is a major problem in America and as well as the world. Pollution not only damages the environment, but damages us also. It has cause many problems ranging from lung cancer to the greenhouse effect. It is all among us and but we continue to live in our own filth. What is the reason behind this flawed logic? In this paper I will examine the problems and solutions for this issue. Automobiles are undeniable the greatest source of pollution. The noise pollution created by cars is immense. Another polluting effect of cars is the heat it creates. This heat makes it unpleasant to be near the car while its running. And of course the most famous of the automobiles evils is the exhaust. The toxic fumes given off as a byproduct of the combustion engine are slowly deteriorating our lungs and our atmosphere. The exhaust is extremely toxic to human beings. But why do we do continue to drive these walking time bombs. Some people will say it is progress, but the majority drives it for the convenience. Why walk four miles in four hours when you can drive the same miles in four minutes? Another popular source of waste is the post-consumer market. American citizens throw away millions of tons of garbage each year, and this trash has to go somewhere. While there are projects underway to clean and reuse this refuse most of it gets dumped into huge landfills. These landfills are disgusting festering blisters on our country's landscape. But people continue to consume and throw away more and more in the name of convenience. As they see it, when things get old, throw it away and get a new one. They blame the government for the trash problem, but the truth blame should be placed on themselves. The last great source of pollution lays in the businesses. Although not common, businesses have been known to dump their waste products into streams, lakes... Free Essays on Polluting Free Essays on Polluting Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment. It is a major problem in America and as well as the world. Pollution not only damages the environment, but damages us also. It has cause many problems ranging from lung cancer to the greenhouse effect. It is all among us and but we continue to live in our own filth. What is the reason behind this flawed logic? In this paper I will examine the problems and solutions for this issue. Automobiles are undeniable the greatest source of pollution. The noise pollution created by cars is immense. Another polluting effect of cars is the heat it creates. This heat makes it unpleasant to be near the car while its running. And of course the most famous of the automobiles evils is the exhaust. The toxic fumes given off as a byproduct of the combustion engine are slowly deteriorating our lungs and our atmosphere. The exhaust is extremely toxic to human beings. But why do we do continue to drive these walking time bombs. Some people will say it is progress, but the majority drives it for the convenience. Why walk four miles in four hours when you can drive the same miles in four minutes? Another popular source of waste is the post-consumer market. American citizens throw away millions of tons of garbage each year, and this trash has to go somewhere. While there are projects underway to clean and reuse this refuse most of it gets dumped into huge landfills. These landfills are disgusting festering blisters on our country's landscape. But people continue to consume and throw away more and more in the name of convenience. As they see it, when things get old, throw it away and get a new one. They blame the government for the trash problem, but the truth blame should be placed on themselves. The last great source of pollution lays in the businesses. Although not common, businesses have been known to dump their waste products into streams, lakes...

An Exegetical Essay On John Chapter 1 Religion Essay

An Exegetical Essay On John Chapter 1 Religion Essay INTRODUCTION Unlike the synoptic Gospels, the Gospel of John does not begin with the historical Jesus, instead, the author exalts his eternal existences over his earthly entrance into the world. The eternal existence of Jesus is perceived by the use of ‘Word’ (logos) in the prologue. Thus, the author begins his gospel with the words, ‘In the beginning was the Wordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ John’s Gospel stresses on the deity of Jesus, he strikes the reader straight with the Greek ‘Word’ (Logos) as a replacement of Jesus until the end of the prologue. One could say that the understanding of this Gospel is centred on the ‘Word’ (logos) as a key affirmation of the entire Gospel. The prologue affirms that Jesus used the eternal ‘Word’ which has been translated from the Greek word (logos). In chapter (1:1-5) the author talked about the pre- existence, in (1:6-8) he elaborated on the witness of John the Baptist, in (1:9-13) he highlighted on the light coming to the worlds, in (1:14-18) he accounted on the incarnation of the Word. This prologue is specially or specifically designed to prepare the way for the evidence of the doings of no ordinary person but Jesus Christ. This paper is an attempt to exegete the passage of (John 1:1-18). The Pre-existence Word (1:1-5) The commencement of this Gospel as stated, ‘in the beginning was the word’ has something to do with (Genesis 1:1). John was trying to say that Jesus Christ was in the beginning and He was the ‘Word’ which existed in the beginning before creation or before the world began and ‘was fully God’ (John 1:1-3). Jesus is indeed the creator, sustainer of all belongings, our source of living and the establishment of eternal life. To understand this concept one must commence with the Father-Son relationship which is the central revelation of John’s Gospel and also the key to understand the sayings and deeds of Christ Jesus (17:5, 24). Extensively, this term (logos) which has a meaning in English as â€Å"the Word† was used in Greek literature or theologians and philosophers; among them were the ‘Stoics who used the term to describe the principle of divine reason which caused the natural creature to grow.’   [ 1 ]   Philo of Alexander was the mastermind of this idea in his writings and maintained it as an instrument of the world creation. There are dissimilarities between the usage of the ‘Word’ by John and Philo. In the mind of Philo, he by no means consider the ‘Word’ as a person and he did not maintain its pre-existence, he denied the incarnation of the ‘Word’ which is known as Jesus. But in Johns mind the ‘Word’ was maintained and became ‘flesh.’ This points to Jesus Christ who came to save humanity and dwell among them. One could say the fifth verse of this chapter shows the compassion of the auth or as a beloved disciple and an eyewitness of Jesus who is trying to communicate the good news to the Jews, Greek philosophers and all kinds of people from generation to generation in his writings. Here John declares that Jesus Christ is the true light, who shines in the darkness, but the darkness which can be translated as sinful man ‘has not understood it.’ The better understandings of this verse rely on (verse10-11).   [ 2 ]

Report Child Labour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Report Child Labour - Essay Example The last five are classified as the "worst forms" under the ILO Convention 182. (ILO 2002). The sheer enormity of the problem is mind boggling - It was estimated (UNICEF, 2005), that the global child labour force was for 5-14 and 15-17 were over 211 million and 141 million resp., of which over 97% were from the developing world. More than 180 Million children below 18 were involved in the "worst forms" of child labour. In the 43 countries of the world with an annual income of $500 or less per person, the percentage of children in child labour is usually between 30% and 60%, whilst in countries where income is between $500 and $1000 the percentage of child labourers drops to between 10% and 30%. They form a vicious circle, poverty giving rise to labour and labour perpetuating poverty. There are many causes of child labour. In developing countries, it is most often the need for additional income felt by both the parents and the child. Sometimes the child may work for only board and lodge in order to learn the trade as apprentices from a relative/ family friend. The family as an economic unit may also expect the child to chip in with its contribution at the shop, farm or small factory. Family breakdowns and natural calamities force children to take on the role of one or both parents to support themselves and their siblings. Trafficked children do not have the luxury of choice and very likely end up crossing borders illegally to be sold into the sex trade. It is also actively pursued by employers, since the children are cheap and obedient and can be easily coerced to work without benefits for low/no wages in the absence of adequate legal framework and infrastructure to determine the true age of children. In developed countries, children seek employment to secure financial independence from their parents. UNICEF, ILO, most NGOs and governments believe that child labour is exploitative and should be discouraged, since they perpetuate poverty. A contrary view is held by employers and sometimes parents in the developing countries, who genuinely believe that the local population benefits from this economic activity as their families would have suffered more in the absence of this activity. John Blundell (Blundell of the Institute of Economic Affairs who believes wholly in the efficacy of the free market argues: Child labour is not the modern invention of "globalisation". All farming has always used children. Scotland's school summer holidays exist not so everyone can fly down to the Spanish Costas, but so children are free to help with the harvest. To learn rural skills was the reality of education in most of human history. In more urban areas, the young would learn other appropriate skills. I believe that working in scruffy factories in Manila or Nairobi is an opportunity for the people involved. Making fashion garments or chic trainers for eventual sale on Princes Street offers far greater benevolence than the humbugging of overseas aid. Aid is famously described as a device by which the poor people in the West fund the rich of the Third World. But free trade in shirts transfers money from the rich

Aspect Of The Decision Making Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aspect Of The Decision Making Process - Essay Example The survey included young students on whom the study had been conducted. All of them were job applicants and the results obtained reveals attractiveness as an important aspect of the decision making process in various organizations, especially attractiveness has great effect on the recruitment process of an organization and the effect is both positive and negative. The key prediction for this study stated that for job interviews, people on the recruitment panel will highly prefer attractive candidates of the opposite sex while high chances are there that they would reject extremely attractive candidate of the same sex. For the present study the researcher took the help of primary data collection technique. In case of a primary research, the researcher who is trying to gather data and relevant insights focus on information gathering mostly through the process of usage of a survey instrument like a questionnaire or an interview. A quantitative research methodology was applied to the st udy. It was found that a quantitative method would be suitable for the study since in this kind of research the researcher tries to observe and measure the effect and influence of the assumed variables on the main theme that is supposed to be covered by the research topic. Statistical methods of analysis have been employed for analyzing the data collected. The study included 223 female respondents and 162 male participants and their Mean age was 23 for females and 24 for males. These respondents were asked to evaluate and select a job applicant out of four applicants on the basis of their CV to which photo of the candidate had been attached. Even though it was evident from the CV that all the candidates were evenly competent for the position, their physical appearance influenced their selection to a great extent. It was found that the respondents evaluating an applicant of the opposite gender exhibited positive favoritism that can be expected for the extremely eye-catching applicant s and subsequently they were more often recommended for the job position. On contrary, the respondents evaluating a candidate of the opposite sex demonstrated the exactly opposite trait i.e. displaying a negative prejudice towards the good looking applicants of the same sex. This prototype was intervened partly by the longing for social touch with the applicants i.e. the respondents was more prone towards working with and befriending the attractive applicant of the opposite sex. The given illustration shows the results obtained from the study- Males and females were equally inclined towards negative preference against striking samples of their own gender. The resultant size for the negative bias was .50 and .39 for male and female respondents respectively. The desire for social interaction reveals .61 and .43 for the men and women respectively. Study2 The exploration was continued in the second study but with a different scenario. This time the candidates were evaluated by the respo ndents not for a job interview but for the application procedure for admission into their universities. For This study instead of static photographs, virtual videotaped interviews in a laboratory setting. In this study a sum of 265 students of psychology comprising 108 male and 157 female were employed in a university campus on the basis of the same criteria as was considered for the first study. In order to control the sex and the attractiveness of the university aspirant, a mock graduate enrollment Interview was displayed in which specialized actors appeared as the interviewer and the applicant. The participants were not allowed to know the purpose of the study. Results

Resourcing Plan to Resource the International Convention Centre Essay Example for Free

Resourcing Plan to Resource the International Convention Centre Essay The resourcing plan for the International Convention Centre is a recommendation for establishing the most accurate staffing requirements, timescales, cost attributes, and the internal/external phases for implementation of the key resources required. The findings of research of prior organizations building a strong community to house the Olympics revealed the necessity to recruiting a competent senior management staff to lead the priorities warranted. The Board of Trustees are to be open for bold and direct solutions to allow the building of the site area to achieve the overall objectives of the Olympic mission leading up to and during the 2012 start timeframe. The resourcing plan outlined the beneficial aspects for key senior positions of management that will solely focus on areas that strengthens the proposal from the Olympic Business Tourism Steering Group. The senior management team is recommended to b led by a committee Chief Executive Officer that provides analysis of the financial platform, human resources platform, tourism platform, maintenance, security, and East London Life surrounding business entities concerns and interests. The CEO has the power to redirect resources that can assist in achieving the overall goals of the Olympic Business Tourism Steering Group and the Board of Trustees. In doing so, the CEO will be the central contact person to answer questions and concerns during the leading up to and during the 2012 start of the Olympics. The implementation of the CEO and him/her primary responsibility provides the needed functional organization structuring to facilitate the streamline processes of building a strong foundation within the East London Life center area. The importance of organizational structuring in the resource plan empowers the recommended designated CEO to effectively diagnose situations related to the needs of the Olympic Business Tourism Steering Group and the East London Life for appropriate action and performance to marketing the games (Chitty and Barker and Shimp 2005:225). The organizational behavior is a critical aspect to assist the CEO in accessing the particular skills of the current and additional staff members within a functional organizational matrix (George and Jones 2005:129). The understanding of organizational behavior from a CEO perspective presents an in-depth conceptual, technical, decision making, and interpersonal skills that are required to successfully manage complex project teams such. The Time-Scales Identified The CEO is recommended to work with the Human Resources Director, Finance Director, Marketing Director, Facility Director, and Specialist Resourcing Strategy Consultant to identify core timetables needed to facilitate changes. These timetables play into the time-scales required in order to successfully outlining the criteria’s needed for the leading to the run up to the 2012. The current overall timeframe is 4 years until the lighting of the torch to start the 2012 Olympics; therefore, the main concern is accurate staffing and preferred options to securing such staffing. The available choices are already staff employees from the East London Life center area that are willing to commit to the run up to 2012 as well as during and after the Olympics. The collected research on available participants for the run up to 2012 averages around 1,800 already staff employees of the consortium. The commitment of the average of 1,800 employees to the requirements set forth by the Board of Trustees entailing a focus on great co-ordination skills, excellent human resources and effective supported services (Tousey and Mathison 2008:55). This focus will play a pivotal role in setting up a longtime goal of the Board of Trustees for establishing an opportunity on international branding for doing business in the area after the 2012 Olympics. Conversely, the timescale for within the 1st year is to confirm of the interested individuals on a voluntary basis that will bring the total amount to 4,500-5,000. Therefore, the completion of the overall staffing requirements under the senior management team will need to be at the end of the 12th month. This timeframe will present the senior management team to fully recruit, train, and reinforce the core attributes embedded in the organizational behavior structure to demonstrate a focus on great co-ordination skills, excellent human resources and effective supported services. The first 6-month timetable is to utilizing the hiring and processing of paperwork that entails outlining specific individual responsibilities, benefits, the pay rate, and security measures. The remaining 6-month timetable is to focus on extensive training on the primary objective to demonstrate desired skills. Within the first 2 years, the timescale is to focus on common theme of the East London Life center area that highlights the culture and theme of the 2012 Olympics. The commitment of the staff employees and volunteers will provide the required synergy to demonstrate a professional and creative experience for the Olympics. The two year timescale has the advantage to identify and present resolutions for any issues or problems discovered during the run up to 2012. The overall staff employee teams are more inclined to share ideas and restrictions to the senior management team within the desired organizational behavior structure required to reaching a successful point of reference to the start of the Olympics. The remaining two years are to focus on leading up to and during the 2012 Olympics. Therefore, the highlighting of securing short-term contracts with vendors is imperative for the second phases of the implementation of initiatives for the forthcoming event. The short-term contracts with vendors and sub-vendors contractors are essential to staying within the designated budget to ensure a well structured organization. The last two years are to show a commitment to including the business owners of the buildings that will occupy the Olympic committee personnel, senior management, and other related individuals or groups that displays a welcoming attitude through available resources. The Human Resource Director and Marketing Director The imperative positions of the Human Resource Director and Marketing Director provide the CEO to strategically direct the overall operations of the timescale section of the resource plan. The Human Resource Director primary objective is the leading representative to empower all staff members in the desired organizational behavior that instills the focus on great co-ordination skills, excellent human resources and effective supported services (Rachels 1999:78). The challenges in projects can create multiple tasks to reaching the goals outlined in the project scope. For instance, the team formation process is detrimental to moving through phrases of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning to reaching the completion of the planned project (Johnston and Zawawi 2000:78). The Human Resource Director and Marketing Director is to present the primary role in understanding the functional project organization assists in identifying the organizational behavior within the context of team building to successfully moving through the phrases to create productive occupation of the 2012 Olympics (Mantel, Meredith, Shafer, and Sutton, 2008:117). The Marketing Director is to provide the required protocols that designated staff team to incorporate a two-fold approach of advertising the 2012 Olympics during the run up to and during the games (Pelsmacker 2006:49). The marketing approaches are to demonstrate the East London Life area culture themes and specialties relating to identifying the location area as well as the Olympics to solidifying the objective for broadening the international appeal. The utilization of the identified organizational behavior concepts of the team and the functional organization to apply appropriate human interpersonal skills for applied motivation, knowledge, decision making, change management, code of ethics, style of communication, and leadership direction (Cooper, Raymond 2005:199) The interaction between the Human Resource Director and the Marketing Director are stringent to formed strong interconnected relationship that strengthens the communication matrix to facilitate the primary objectives. The effort for sharing and receiving imperative information concerning the stages of the project criteria’s assist in reporting the appointed CEO of progress towards goal of 2012. Therefore, the organizational behavior presents a synergy to the effective communication matrix monitored by the Human Resource Director in lined with the Marketing Director to effectively channel all required policies and practices for staff members. According to David Hunger (2007), the organizational context methodology will determine the success of the planned resource project that defines and enforce the organizational behavior concept within the organization. The specialist Human Resource Strategist Consultant is to offer the resource planning an effective communication measure that balances the information and data between senior management and directors in human resources and marketing to successfully resource the international convention centre. According to Mantel, Meredith, Shafer, and Sutton (2008), the project consultant will have to implement the need for cooperation’s between all departments of interests that encourages the innovation and correlation reinforced the indentified organizational behavior concept (Hunger 2007:112). The Finance Director and Facility Director Cost Benchmark The expectations of the completed scope objectives of the 2012 Olympics are a formation of a productive overall team of professionals by minimizing costs to heighten projected profit along with brand identity (Wild, Wild, and Han 2006:28). The Finance Director primary criteria of the organizational context will need to focus on demonstrating good decision making (Saunders 2007:38). The Finance Director core objectives are identifying and recording the East London area organized efforts to staying on schedule and within budget. The recommended approach to a structured organizational concept is in relations to the Finance Director to direct any subjected overruns of expenses during the run up to the Olympics. Respectively, the Finance Director in most organizations play a pivotal role in balancing the allocation of funding at the appropriate time to reach desired project management goals of such magnitude of the Olympics to assure the project is moving in the desired direction (PMBOK, 204:121). The cost benchmarks are to not reach 20% of the confirmed budget for the run up to the Olympics and to not exceed 35% during the games. The Finance Director responsibility to work in cooperation with the Facility Director that guarantees the overseeing of internal and external costs related to hotel reservations, restaurants patrons, maintenance teams, Olympic merchandising, and entertainment (Schein 2004:95). The East London Life scope objectives identifies the required organizational culture environment to follow the policy of strict usages of products and services during the 1-2 years of run up to 2012 that streamline all projected costs. Some of the identified organizational policy problems that can halt the mission of the Finance Director and Facility Director is by the impacts of the staff employees and volunteer team members that fails to communicate senior management protocol of price controls, safety measures that could cause accidents, and approved Olympic Business Tourism Steering Group approved vendor materials and/products that overall assist in cost management. The transfer of information and deliverables between the Finance Director and the Facility contributes to the primary objective to reduce policy concerns illustrated by the senior management from the Board of the Trustees and the Olympic Business Tourism Steering Group for a clear understanding of the project needs. Essentially benefits all associated individuals to the progress of the team within the organizational culture framework (Samson 2008:101). Report Analysis of Potential Risks and Identified Solutions Several risks identified are security, lack of demonstrating the human relations protocols, conservation of resources and energy as well as adhering to timescales/timetables. The most significant risk for the project is the potential lack of demonstrating the human relations protocols that demonstrates the high levels of customer service and satisfaction from competent and helpful staff members will be the key to success for the resource plan objective of the international convention centre. The risk pinpointed in relation to the human relations aspects that underscore the potential for failure if not proven measures are implemented to the staff and/or volunteers (Kotter 1996:88). The senior leadership team of the Human Director, Finance Director, Marketing Director, Facility Director, and Specialist Human Resourcing Strategy Consultant must incorporate the core desired human relations outcomes both internally and externally to the staff members. If not, the potential risk can create substantial downturn in the Board of Trustees projected organizational behavior mindset of staff members for the run up to and during the 2012 Olympics. The solution for the identified risk is the implementation of the theory of motivation for the CEO to utilize in solidifying the management team to then reflect the desired organizational policy of behavior to the staff. In doing so, the coordinated effort to progress theory of motivation scientific approach tactics is critical for achieving the planned goals. References – 16 George, Jennifer M. and Jones, Gareth R. (2005) Understanding and Managing Organizational Behavior, Fourth Edition, Pearson, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Mantel, Samuel J. Meredith, Jack R. Shafer, Scott M. Sutton, Margaret M. (2008) Project Management In Practice, Third Edition, John Wiley Sons, Inc. Hunger, David J. (2007) Essentials of Strategic Management, Fourth Edition, Pearson, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Wouters, Marc and Wilderom, Celeste (2008) Accounting, Organizations and Society, Periodical, Proquest Doc. ID 1456200771, ISSN 03613682, Vol. 33, Iss. 4/5; pg. 488 Tosey, Paul and Mathison (2008) Human Resources Development Review, Gregory Bateson Theory Concepts on Organization Structure Behavior, Periodical, Proquest Doc. ID 1433203701, ISSN 154344843M, Vol. 7, Iss. 1; pg 13 Chitty, W. Barker, N. Shimp, T. A. (2005). Integrated Marketing Communications. Melbourne: Nelson. Johnston, J. Zawawi, C. (2000). Public Relations Theory and Practice (2nd ed). Sydney: Allen Unwin Pelsmacker, Patrick (2006) Marketing Communications: A European Perspective. Financial Times/ Prentice Hall; 3 edition Saunders, Mark (2007) Research Methods for Business Students. Financial Times/ Prentice Hall; 4 edition Schein, Edgar (2004) Organizational Culture and Leadership. Jossey Bass; 3rd Edition Samson, Danny (2008). Operations Management. Retrieved November 8, 2008 from http://www. cambridge. org/us/catalogue/catalogue. asp? isbn=9780521700771ss=toc Wild, John J. , Wild, Kenneth L. , Han, Jerry C. Y. , (2006). International Business, The Challenges of Globalization PMBOK Guide (2004) A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge. Third Edition. PMI Global Standard Cooper, Dale and Raymond, G. , (2005) Managing Risk in Large Projects and Complex Procurements Kotter, John (1996) Leading Change. Harvard Business School Press Rachels, James. (1999). The Elements of Moral Philosophy, Boston: McGraw-Hill College.

Disease Outbreak :: Epidemic Short Story Essays

Disease Outbreak An inhuman sound disrupted my peaceful slumber. My eyes shifted slowly toward my clock. The red numbers confirmed my suspicion. "Christ," I thought to myself. "3:30 in the morning. This is going to be a bad day of work." I pushed my blankets off of me and sat up in bed. To my left, the sheets were already pushed back and Marissa was nowhere to be seen. At first, I didn't make the connection; I was too tired from working 12-hour shifts at the hospital and thinking was not my number one priority right now. With another intense day ahead of me, I wanted every second of sleep I could possibly take. I was about to fall asleep when the noise shook my soul again. It reminded me of a chain-smoker who suffered from emphysema. Now fully awake, I walked towards the bathroom. The noise appeared to come from there and as I approached closer, my heart began to race. Marissa was doubled over on the bathroom ground, moaning in deep physical pain. I quickly lifted up her body and held her in my arms. Her skin felt like fire as I held her up. She looked at me with glassy eyes and mumbled, "Rick, I don't feel too good." "Just try to be quiet and let me take care of you. You probably have just a stomach flu, nothing else." I was trying to convince myself more than her. Cautiously, I began to [keep] a simple checkup on her. Her pulse was racing, well above any healthy level. She appeared to suffer from stomach pains and peered into the toilet and despite its soupy appearance still had the faint appearance of last night's dinner. "It's just a stomach flu, right?" That is what her symptoms told me, but something was wrong with it. Marissa was the perfect picture of health. She always liked to do nature walks, go to the gym regularly, and followed a balanced diet. Deep down, I knew that if it was the stomach flu, I would be suffering from it too. My mind jumped back to the hospital locker room wall where a notice hung in bold red letters: "WARNING! Be extra cautious with patients showing flu and stomach flu like symptoms. Disease Outbreak :: Epidemic Short Story Essays Disease Outbreak An inhuman sound disrupted my peaceful slumber. My eyes shifted slowly toward my clock. The red numbers confirmed my suspicion. "Christ," I thought to myself. "3:30 in the morning. This is going to be a bad day of work." I pushed my blankets off of me and sat up in bed. To my left, the sheets were already pushed back and Marissa was nowhere to be seen. At first, I didn't make the connection; I was too tired from working 12-hour shifts at the hospital and thinking was not my number one priority right now. With another intense day ahead of me, I wanted every second of sleep I could possibly take. I was about to fall asleep when the noise shook my soul again. It reminded me of a chain-smoker who suffered from emphysema. Now fully awake, I walked towards the bathroom. The noise appeared to come from there and as I approached closer, my heart began to race. Marissa was doubled over on the bathroom ground, moaning in deep physical pain. I quickly lifted up her body and held her in my arms. Her skin felt like fire as I held her up. She looked at me with glassy eyes and mumbled, "Rick, I don't feel too good." "Just try to be quiet and let me take care of you. You probably have just a stomach flu, nothing else." I was trying to convince myself more than her. Cautiously, I began to [keep] a simple checkup on her. Her pulse was racing, well above any healthy level. She appeared to suffer from stomach pains and peered into the toilet and despite its soupy appearance still had the faint appearance of last night's dinner. "It's just a stomach flu, right?" That is what her symptoms told me, but something was wrong with it. Marissa was the perfect picture of health. She always liked to do nature walks, go to the gym regularly, and followed a balanced diet. Deep down, I knew that if it was the stomach flu, I would be suffering from it too. My mind jumped back to the hospital locker room wall where a notice hung in bold red letters: "WARNING! Be extra cautious with patients showing flu and stomach flu like symptoms.

Monsanto — Appointing, Legislating, and Lobbying Its Way to the Top

Interest groups are defined as an â€Å"organized group of people that makes policy-related appeals† and they can have a profound effect on our government and society (Ginsberg, Lowi, and Weir 419). These groups represent their interests in the political arena in a variety of ways; they can get government officials appointed to government positions, lobby government officials, and fund media to advertise their message to mobilize public opinion and sway voters. Businesses interest groups in particular utilize these strategies, because there is an economic incentive in passing favorable laws and conveying a good image to government and the public. One business interest currently benefiting from their interaction with the Obama administration is Monsanto. Monsanto is a billion dollar company responsible for genetically modified seeds, the chemical Roundup and its associated Roundup ready crops, the toxic chemical substance Agent Orange, bovine growth hormones (rBGH), and the synthetic sugar substitute known as aspartame—to name a few. As a business interest group, it has been a terrific success in using government to push its agenda, much to the dismay of environmental activists, scientists, and concerned citizens who want their government to regulate businesses and protect the public. This paper will examine how business interest groups like Monsanto have been able to further their agenda under the Obama administration through the appointment of employees to federal positions, lobbying, and use of media to mobilize public opinion. ) Appointment to Federal positions The appointment of employees in business to positions in government is a common occurrence today and is often referred to as â€Å"The Revolving Door†. This is the shuffling in and out of government and private sector jobs, and it is bad because it leaves these government officials with biases and the high chance of being favorable to their former employer. In the Obama administration, there are currently many revolvers from private industry (â €Å"Revolving Door†). One current revolver from Monsanto who is now making policy decisions regarding our food safety is Michael Taylor. Michael Taylor was named deputy commissioner for foods at the Food and Drug Administration in January 2010 and is a former Vice President of Monsanto’s Public Policy(â€Å"Meet Michael R. Taylor, J. D. , Deputy Commissioner for Foods and Veterinary Medicine†). This obviously creates a bias when making decisions about policies regarding products manufactured by Monsanto, such as genetically modified foods or the bovine growth hormones used in milk. When Monsanto employees like Michael Taylor get into these agencies, they are usually favorable to their former employer Monsanto when making decisions. They also ensure direct access for lobbyists to the agencies they are in control of; â€Å"many of Washington’s top lobbyists have close ties to important members of congress or were themselves important political figures, thus virtually guaranteeing that clients will have direct access to government officials† (Ginsberg, Lowi, and Weir 414). Taylor is a former lobbyist and current government official who now gives Monsanto full access into the decision making of many of American’s decisions about food. Unfortunately, he is just one in a litany of government officials who have vested interests in the private sector while still being allowed to make decisions affecting the health and safety of the American public. By getting employees into federal positions, businesses increase their chances of creating a strong iron triangle system that supports their interest group. The iron triangle is a â€Å"stable, cooperative relationship that often develops among a congressional committee, an administrative agency, and one or more supportive interest groups† (Ginsberg, Lowi, and Weir 418). This iron triangle system is powerful in creating favorable legislation and regulation for Monsanto; their good working relationship with legislative committees and executive agencies allows them to support their agenda and further their business by directly shaping policy outcomes. 2) Lobbying members of congress Lobbying is a critical part of how interest groups represent their agenda in government and seek passage of favorable legislation. A lobbyist’s goal is to influence policy in a certain direction by â€Å"mobilizing individual citizens to contact legislators (grassroots lobbying), testifying at hearings, submitting written comments to an agency or committee, press releases, and other activities† (Hasen 217). Lobbyists also take full of advantage of their direct access and â€Å"personal contact with legislators and taff members† to influence policy decisions (Hasen 217). Monsanto is incredibly adept in all these areas, and was the top lobbying client in the agribusiness sector with $8,831,120 spent in 2008 and $5,970,000 in expenditures in 2012 (â€Å"Annual Lobbying on Agricultural Services†). Business interest groups often lobby congress and the executive branch to promote their agendas and enact favorable laws and regulations. They do this by gaining dir ect access to members of Congress and federal agencies and making their interests heard. This is even encouraged by the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) that â€Å"requires most federal agencies to provide notice and an opportunity for comment before implementing proposed new rules and legislation† (Ginsberg, Lowi, and Weir 434). This allows businesses like Monsanto to meet with agencies like the USDA, FDA, and EPA to weigh in on issues that affect them, such as the merits and safety of genetically modified organisms (GMO’s), discouraging labeling of GMOS’s, or enforcement rules on chemicals and pesticides. Research shows that business interest groups have gained legislative success through directly influencing the bureaucracy. According to research, the â€Å"significant trait in interest group influence is the privileged, institutionalized integration of some groups into public decision making† (Binderkrantz 177-78). Because of Monsanto’s high level of activity with government agencies and their ability to get access and lobby officials directly, their opinion is often integrated into public policy. Another way Monsanto lobbyists gain influence is through the information they have to offer the government. Research says â€Å"the most important factor governing the influence of a group was the ability of a group to provide lawmakers with both technical and political information† (Smith 235). Monsanto provides busy government officials with information about the issues that conveys authority and touts research backing, making policy decisions easier for a government official who may know nothing about the subject otherwise. In fact, many politicians say lobbyists are an essential part of government; in response to a 1978 bill expanding lobbying disclosures, Senators Edward Kennedy, Dick Clark, and Robert Stafford issued the statement that â€Å"Government without lobbying could not function. The flow of information to Congress and to every other federal agency is a vital part of our democratic system† (Ginsberg, Lowi, and Weir 431). This quote exemplifies how politicians rely on lobbyists as an essential source of information regarding policy issues. Lobbyist’s role as conduits of this information to government is crucial because they are in complete control of how information is presented—and thus how their agenda is received. One recent piece of legislation that Monsanto benefited from because of the information their ability to directly access lawmakers was House Resolution 933, an emergency spending bill passed to fund government operations through September and avert a government shutdown. The bill, signed by President Obama on March 26th 20013, will continue to protect this multi-billion dollar corporation from legal ramifications of the safety of its products. The budget bill, now dubbed the â€Å"Monsanto Protection Act†, inserted an unrelated provision that grants Monsanto against legal injunction for the next year and the ability to continue planting seeds and harvesting crops even if there are problems found with genetically modified organisms. Because they were trying to rush this bill through to avoid government shutdown, these shady provisions were able to sneak through. The Missouri Senator who added in the bill, Roy Blunt, admits he worked with Monsanto in creating the details of this legislature (â€Å"New Law Spurs Controversy, Debate Over Genetically Modified Crops†). This piece of protective legislation shows how corporations can use their direct access to government officials to alter policy changes. Because of this advantage of access and authority, business interest groups like Monsanto are extremely successful in transforming their agenda into public policy. Overall, research does indicate that there is a bias towards businesses. When comparing comments from business to nonbusiness commenters in federal agency hearings, there was a clear winner in policy outcomes. Agencies are more likely to be persuaded by lobbyists for business interests because of â€Å"the number of comments coming from business interests† and the fact that the â€Å"comments from business-related interests provide more information and signal a greater level of commenter expertise, causing agencies to respond to the requests made†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Webb 128). This research shows business interest groups have the advantage both in the amount of input, and the sense of credibility the information has coming from a large industry. Monsanto educates these government officials through their company’s own agenda and thus often succeeds in getting the policies it wants passed. This bias towards businesses undercuts the effectiveness of pluralism. Pluralism is the theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the government, with the outcome of this competition being compromise and moderation. The idea is that people will belong to interest groups that affect them and let their voices be heard by government, so that their needs can be met. Unfortunately, business interest groups often have a much greater voice than other interest groups through their existing ties to government via federal appointments and because of their financial power to fund lobbyists. Because they have a greater presence, the corporation’s needs are met while the needs of the public become secondary. While â€Å"interest group pluralism presumes that public policy outcomes are determined principally through a contest for influence among organized pressure groups†, we can see that it isn’t a very fair contest when Monsanto’s lobbyists have millions more dollars to spend. Stephenson and Jackson 7) It is clear that there is a negative implication of lobbying when legislation begins to favor elite interests rather than the public good. Because business interest groups are able to influence government in a disproportionately higher rate than citizens, â€Å"legislative outputs no longer reflect the outcome of reasoned deba te, promoting the common good, or the preferences of the median voters. Instead, public policy reflects the preferences of lobbyists’ clients† (Hasen 219). 4. Mobilizing Public Opinion Through Media Monsanto, like other interest groups, often uses media to further its cause. It can be used to rally support for the products it makes or it can be used to oppose policies that could affect the company negatively. Because it is a multi-billion dollar company, it is able to spend an inordinate amount to advertise their agenda and gain public favor more easily than companies that are not as well off financially. Research shows the effectiveness of an interest group’s use of media is correlated to its money and size: â€Å"the best predictor of an interest group's ability to use the mass media as a political tool is the level of organizational resources (money, members, staff, etc. it enjoys† (Thrall 417). This shows that the advertising messages the public receives is determined by who has the most money to market themselves, and companies like Monsanto are obviously a dominant influence due to their resources. A recent example of Monsanto’s use of the media to further its agenda was the attempt at labeling genetically modified organisms (G MO’s) that failed because of Monsanto’s supreme ability to mobilize public opinion. The California Proposition 37 added to the ballot in 2012 was an initiative to label foods that contain genetically modified organisms. Even with mounting concerns about public safety, Monsanto was able to control this issue through media and advertising and ensure that California voters would not let the proposition pass. They were successful because large companies were able to out fund non-profits and other groups who donated a fraction of Monsanto’s budget. Because of their resources and ability to advertise, Monsanto and other agribusinesses were able to easily sway voters with their carefully crafted ad campaigns. By paying to run millions of dollars on ads that threatened rising food costs if food labeling was required, they swayed many Americans worried about tough economic times. Their use of the media convinced citizens that labeling genetically modified foods was against their self-interests financially, and this threat prevented many people from voting the proposition through. It was a big comment on the state of consumer affairs in the country that a simple labeling law could not be passed; though the administration could follow many other countries leads and mandate GMO labeling, Monsanto is left deciding the fate of food with its money, power, and influence. 4) Conclusion: reaffirms your thesis statement, discusses the issues, and reaches a final judgment: your conclusion based on your research and your reasoning. Business interest groups are a powerful force in the decision making process of our country and will continue to exert force over policy as long as they have resources and access. To make their interests known and accepted, they utilize the attainment of federal positions, lobbying, litigation, and funding of media. To get their agenda expressed through the government, they use federal appointments in a process called the â€Å"Revolving Door†. This leads to biased decision making throughout branches of the government that can negatively affect policy outcomes for the public. If this continues, citizens will become alienated and distrusting of the federal government which seems to be only serving the elite interests of corporations. Lobbying is another way that citizens are rightly beginning to lose trust in the system. While in theory all interest groups are supposed to be able to lobby the government, only those interests with large amounts of money, access, and connections will have a good chance at having their interests be heard. Though there are regulations on how much lobbyists can spend and laws requiring them to register, it is still clear that lobbyists for billion dollar corporations are experiencing a higher level of success than public interest groups with little funding. This shows that in government, those with the most money and access will prevail. Unfortunately when â€Å"businesses and trade associations make up more than half of the Washington lobbying community†, it is unlikely citizens will fare as well as corporations (Baumgartner 1194). This has major implications when research shows that â€Å"some special interest lobbies frequently influence legislation and regulation in ways that†¦are detrimental to the public good† (Baker 53). Regulations made from information presented by lobbyists doesn’t serve the public good—it serves Monsanto’s. The use of the media is another area in which Monsanto has dominated its competition. It was the highest contributor in advertising against Proposition 37, and the over seven million dollars poured into the cause was effective in squashing the issue of labeling genetically modified food. When a group like Monsanto is able to pour that amount of funds into mobilizing public opinion, they have complete control over the issue and how they want it to be seen and voted on by the American public. With enough money they were able to assuage concerns over the safety of genetically modified foods and managed to convince people it would actually go against their own self interests in terms of cost. The elite team of advertisers Monsanto has the funds to hire enables them to spin their issues in any way they need to in order to gain both governmental and public support for their agenda. By gaining support they can ensure individuals vote to Monsanto’s benefit and don’t actively oppose the company, leaving their profit motive as the single determiner of important public policy.

Financial Planner Essay

Among the many career fields to choose from, I’d like to pursue one in the financial planning industry. A financial planner’s job is diverse and could be in areas like management of cash flow, investment and retirement planning, tax and estate planning, insurance and risk management planning, among others. There are also job opportunities outside personal planning that provides more financial rewards. I believe this job to be interesting, challenging and beneficial to people. This isn’t like other jobs wherein you’re only there to perform a task — sometimes without knowing the end result or the product of your efforts. As a financial planner, a person is able to help other people in more significantly, even in a life-changing manner. It’s a fact that many people have great ideas and good intentions regarding their finances, but few have the willpower and the right know-how to execute their plans. That’s where I see myself helping. I’d like to see people to be more financially stable and create for themselves a nest egg for their future. People should be aware of financial planning at an early age. The earlier a person starts setting aside part of his income for a financial plan, the more secure is his future going to be. Another reason why I’d like to have a career in this field is because I get stimulated when dealing with numbers. Crafting plans after studying pages of figures and mathematical formulas is something that does not daunt me. According to journals and news articles that have been published regarding the financial planning field, the demand for financial planners are rising globally as more and more people are becoming aware of the importance of having tailored financial plans for themselves. Over the years, financial planners have gradually, but consistently, created a niche for themselves in the market. There are several factors that have contributed to the upswing of demand for financial planners. In the earlier years, people were happy with social security benefits and old age Planner 2 pensions provided by the government. But years later, people’s outlook has shifted and the idea of being more comfortable and secure in old age have dominated the minds not just of those who are near retirement but even those who are still relatively young. Awareness among young professionals is seen to continue within the next decade, making it reasonably safe to assume that demand for financial programs and financial planners will continue. Another reason why the financial planning business has risen is caused by uncertainties in the stock markets. People are now opting to seek professional advice, before investing in a particular bond or stock. There is also a growing demand for financial planners outside the personal planning arena. Financial planners have found themselves becoming more and more necessary in banks and other financial institutions. Their expertise is needed in determining risks involved in investment vehicles. The pay scale and benefits that a certified financial planner receives differ from company to company, experience, and type of certification. A person who holds a position in higher management, like a vice president or portfolio manager, will earn a six-digit figure. Likewise, a person who’s been a financial planner for more than twenty years will also receive a six-digit salary. Entry-level compensation is often in the range of $30,000 to $40,000. The banking industry and other financial institutions’ salaries are often higher compared to other industries. For instance, a job posting for a financial advisor in Connecticut offers an annual income of $50,000 to $80,000. Another example is an ad for looking for financial planning director, which offers at least $150,000 annual income. But what’s more attractive about being a financial planner is the opportunity to earn more than your basic salary. Commissions and incentives are given for every transaction. A person’s overall income is often measured by how well he networks and sells financial products.

Advertising and Body Satisfaction in Women

Advertising and Body Satisfaction in Women Introduction The role of women in advertising has remained a contentious issue in the contemporary society. For many years, advertisers have used women as advertising objects thus triggering debates and research interest to unravel the unknown truth behind women and advertising. With most adverts carrying the image of women, it is clear that they usually have an impact on viewers in terms of perception towards self-image.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Advertising and Body Satisfaction in Women specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Needless to mention, all media channels like television, magazines and even the internet are full of adverts carrying the image of a woman (Ohio State University, 2011). Even though this is never a concern to advertisers and marketers, it has been found that women usually get affected by such media images and influence their perception towards self-esteem. In this regard, this paper e xplores the relationship between advertising and body image satisfaction. Literature review The concept of body image and how women are portrayed in the media has continuously drawn the attention of people from all walks of life, including authors, scholars and researchers. In understanding this concept, they have dedicated their time and resources in documenting their findings in form of books, journals and internet articles for future reference and academic edification. This segment synthesizes findings from an array of reputable authors who have broadly covered the topic of advertising and body image satisfaction in women. What is body image? From a psychological point of view, body image refers to ones attitude towards own body with regard to sexual attractiveness and aesthetics. (Festinger, 1957). The phrase was first coined in 1935 by a neurologist from Australia in an article which he described the image and appearance of the human body and how it is viewed by the society. Al though the society has always placed a lot of emphasis on beauty, individual’s perception over their bodies may not necessarily match the standards of the society.Advertising Looking for research paper on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Body image is therefore thought to be a product of several aspects, which define human identity (Clay, Vignoles Dittmar, 2005). These aspects include but not limited to personalities, individual experiences and other forces, which could either be cultural or social. As a result, the sense of physical appearance usually can transform body image in relation to other people or the ideal image recognized by the society (Manasia, 2011). It therefore follows that an individual’s perception may not necessarily reflect other people’s point of view. The ultimate impact of this scenario is either a case of satisfaction or dissatisfaction depending on an indivi dual’s body rating. Due to high value attached to body image and sexualization of women, there has been increasing anxiety related to body image around the world. As a sensitive issue that revolves around gender, women are considered more vulnerable to body image anxiety as compared to their male counterparts. This high concern among women is dangerous since it may result into personality disorders and other health-related issues (Manasia, 2011). For instance, people who view themselves negatively are likely to engage several options like cosmetics and special dieting with an aim of achieving the desired image. Since no guarantee is given for the efficacy of such options, it is worth noting that this approach may lead to severe cases like scorched skin, eating disorders and overall low esteem. As mentioned above, matters of self-image mainly affect women in the society hence leading to altered self-esteem. In general, body image cannot be delinked from self-image. Negative bo dy image always makes a woman to lose her inner self-worth. This means that a person would become less valuable in her own eyes based on judgmental assumptions made from their perceptions. Self-esteem is an essential necessity for both men and women (Maddox, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Advertising and Body Satisfaction in Women specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, when women view themselves negatively based on body image, the pride within themselves gets eroded to extreme levels that may cause one to lose friends before disconnecting from the social world. This mainly occurs due to body image dissatisfaction. People with a higher self-esteem usually enjoy life to the fullest, make friends easily, manage their feelings and behavior and develop an overall acceptance of who they are (Ohio State University, 2011). Being an important aspect of human life, it is imperative for the society to focus on developing a positive sense of being and encourage women to have a positive self image regardless of what may be considered as a perfect image. It augments body satisfaction and behavior personality as individuals are able to interact freely without putting a lot of concern on how they appear physically (Muscat, 2011). While these efforts are on, it is essential to point out the role of media in influencing personality image and ability of a person to accept who they are and develop an inner positive drive. Body image and media For a very long time, media has portrayed the image of women negatively or different from what the society considers as a standard image. This is common in advertising where most adverts carry images of women that end up affecting the overall body satisfaction among women. According to Manasia 2011, mass media affects the image of women in a wide range of ways. This occurs through the use of common technologies, which are applied in advertising, and they range from billboards, television, magazines and the internet. In a 2011 research explaining the impact of mass media on body image, Manasia wonders whether mass media has become the beholder of beauty in the contemporary society.Advertising Looking for research paper on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The research affirms that there is substantive evidence indicating that physical appearance of women is quite important in dictating the behavior of women and their average self-image (Manasia, 2011). In this study, it is undoubtedly clear that media has strong influence in enhancing body satisfaction or dissatisfaction. Many research findings support the hypothesis of this research arguing that most women around the world find image to be influential in their lives as it determines the manner in which they interact with others, perceive themselves and find satisfaction or dissatisfaction within (Kacey, n.d.). It filters down to the level of social acceptability as they feel recognized in terns of their body image. Unlike body satisfaction which most women find satisfaction, dissatisfaction can lead to serious withdrawal problems among women. In analyzing this issue, it is equally important to consider several aspects of beauty as portrayed by the media and advertising companies. Sm all sized-women are usually favored compared to average or bigger sizes. In such a case, women who find themselves within the favored category derive significant satisfaction in themselves as they are considered perfect (Media Awareness Network, 2010). On the other hand, women who may have a different body size tend to draw backwards with the fear of rejection due to perceived deviation from what is considered to be perfect in the society. This implies that adverts, which put a lot of emphasis on body size leave the viewer with a distorted mind concerning acceptable standards of beauty and perfection. However, satisfaction or dissatisfaction depends on the level of personal investment towards physical image (Kilbourne, 2011). In other words, this argument emphasizes the fact that the impact of body image in advertising affects women differently depending on an individual’s focus and concern over personal image. Other researches done further indicated that most women prefer tu rning to magazines, billboards and television adverts, which promote thinness as the ideal body figure to be recognized (Markey, Markey Birch, 2004). This seems to be personal-induced torture since some women get obsessed and lured to such images even when they fall outside the ideal bracket of beauty being emphasized by advertisers and other media companies. When women are exposed to images and video ads, which depict a particular attribute of beauty, they usually get angrier and depressed than before they interacted with the material. With these images dominating fashion magazines around the world, one wonders why women still purchase them, since they cause some level of body dissatisfaction (Biagi, 2011). According to Muscatell 2011, TV and magazines are filled with images that depict beauty and perfection among women. However, the main question revolves around the way beauty is represented. These images display ultra-thin women and other celebrities appearing with flawless body images. With regards to billboard adverts, Muscatell argues that it is possible for one to be left with body images in the mind while driving down city streets as billboards dominate all forms of ads on major roads and highways. In a 2011 article, Muscatell is concerned with the direction which advertising companies have taken and the way they define beauty. His main concern is the most probable way of adopting in order to correct the trend which continues to affect women psychologically as some of the sizes and figures, which are considered ideal seem to be unrealistic and unhealthy (Muscat, 2011). As further noted by authors, most women get dissatisfied when exposed to adverts in magazines, which support ultra-thin images. This may cause a feeling of lowliness as people imagine being unfit in the society and irrelevant in the societal context of beauty. Importantly, issues of satisfaction and dissatisfaction adversely affect women below the age of nineteen years as compared to ad ults and mature women (Kirsh, 2009). This is because young women are more concerned with body image and may suffer severely in an attempt to attain the size being perceived as acceptable by the media. For young women who may have this size, they also derive a lot of body image satisfaction as they may feel more acceptable, beautiful and recognizable in the society. On the contrary, those that do not meet perceived standards end up frustrated and may resort to unhealthy and dangerous means of attaining perceived duty. As a result, many develop eating disorders like bulimia and nervosa (Cortese, 2008). While many women get affected by adverts, which depict the body image, it is sometimes impossible to avoid the impact of adverts. How common are adverts of this nature? Regardless of the nature of products being marketed, women are commonly represented in ads (Grogan, 2008). Commercials ranging from foodstuffs to electronics carry the image of women with emphasis on particular attribute s of beauty like color and size. Additionally, our exposure to the media makes it impossible to avoid these adverts. How often do women visit the internet, watch TV or even drive on the streets? It is clear that the current environment is under significant influence of media that women who may choose to avoid fashion magazines may still suffer the impact of media adverts and get affected emotionally (Ussher, 2000). Theories Social construction theory The broadness of this theory covers a wide range of issues from economic to a person’s eating behavior at home. According to this theory, our lives are shaped depending on daily experiences which emanate from effects of numerous social agreements, shared social actions and several institutional practices. As a result, many things which are ignored and taken for granted are always results of human inter-subjectivity. On this basis, a social construct denotes anything in existence as a result of social interactions and not objectiv e reality. However, these components do exists as integral elements of our social life. Other social constructionists describe social constructs as epistemologically objective since they are objects which have meaning in our social lives. Additionally, social reality is rooted in human behavior, institutional practices, culture and different languages. From research carried out by different experts and psychologists around the world, it is evident that women get more affected by adverts than men. This could be explained from different perspectives including the way the society defines women as well as what they are expected to become in life. Through social construction of reality and construction theories, societies have developed norms and standards from a wide range of choices. In other words, whatever that is represented through adverts is not the inherent approach in describing body image but rather an adopted approach that has been adopted through countless choices (Berger Lu ckmann, 1991). In this understanding, social constructionists oppose essentialism, which basically emphasizes the need to observe natural rules as opposed to the creation of perceived social reality that seeks to justify why certain things have to be done in a different way from what is considered as a norm (Berger Luckmann, 1991). In relating this theory to women representation in adverts and satisfaction level, it suffices to mention that the contemporary society has realized the existence of several options and variables that could be used in measure beauty besides accepted ones. This makes it frustrating for women who do not meet the perceived standards since many get obsessed to conforming to the patterns of the world as compared to appreciating what they are. Body image satisfaction in women as influenced by adverts can also be explained using the cultivation theory which expounds on the long-term effects of watching television. Sociologists posit that television is a form of mass media, which has the capacity of binding societies and groups of people together through common behavior, ethics and stances (Berger Luckmann, 1991). Through cumulative impact of exposure to TV, victims like children accept certain trends, which begin shaping their lives with time. The same case applies to adverts and body image satisfaction in women. For a very long time, ultra-slim bodies in women with small tummies have been considered as core attributes of beauty in the society. In other words, these elements are widely acceptable and most people work towards attaining these cultivated features. When these images are carried in adverts on billboards, the internet and other advertising channels, they become widely acceptable and influential. As a result women suffer from body image dissatisfaction if they are not favored or derive a lot of satisfaction. Framing From a social science perspective, framing theory suggests that the exact manner in which something is presented to the public usually has significant influence on the choices made by affected people. It is viewed as an important approach as opposed to rational choice theory which describes how people strive to make rational choices in life regardless of the nature of the data given for analysis. It is important to note that communication plays a major role in framing theory because it evokes conceptual and moral frames through language. Additionally, frames form vital systems in the community which have to be built for a long period of time. As an art, framing can be essential when coupled with cognitive linguistics. Framing is closely related to agenda-setting although it focuses on the immediate issues at hand rather than an entire topic of research. According to framing theorists, the media usually places certain events within some space which has meaning as a way of drawing the public attention. As a result, the media is able to control the manner in which audience analyzes issues and mak es choices. Framing therefore revolves around how certain information is covered by the media and the way in which people choose to digest it. Frames influence people’s attitudes towards a given item being featured in the media. Framing theorists argue that systems are usually developed after some time. This is common in explaining the effects of media to the society. It follows that systems formed through framing and get accepted and assimilated as true and recommended standards (Scheufele, 1999). Additionally, this theory emphasizes the manner in which different items are presented. This presentation usually has impact on people or individuals interacting with it. In seeking social reality, women get influenced by representation of body image through adverts. As an acceptable system, many strive to mimic these standards while others get discouraged and dissatisfied with their body images as they may not measure up to the acceptable standards of beauty. Dealing with dissatis faction It is clear that representation of women through adverts has a profound impact on their perception towards their bodies and causes them to get flooded with negative mood and low self-esteem (Poveromo Hofstra University, 2007). As seen in the above segments of analysis, this may lead to social withdrawal and disconnection, emotional disability and poor eating habits among other adverse effects. Consequently, there is every need to help women to develop and nurture their self-worthiness regardless of how body images are represented through commercial ads. Through psychological efforts, suggestions have been put forth do deal with dissatisfaction among women emanating from negative media representation. One of these ways is cognitive dissonance. By definition, it refers to holding conflicting positions simultaneously (Festinger, 1957). This is common when a person believes that physical exercising is important but fails to make any efforts to get to the gym. In this approach, people are usually advised to alleviate their psychological discomfort by making sober and sound decisions. For the cited scenario, it would be recommendable for the person to go to the gym in order to stay physically fit or ignore and assume that exercising was not that important. Besides being supported by advertising companies, women ought to be informed that being heavy is healthier than struggling to become ultra-slim (Wykes Gunter, 2005). In so doing, victims are likely to have a different attitude towards their bodies and maintain a positive self-image. Future research questions In addressing future interests, researches should focus on answering the following research issues: How to prevent dissatisfaction caused by negative body representation of women in adverts. Why men are rarely affected by adverts with regard to body dissatisfaction. Conclusion and recommendations It is more evident than not that media has an array of effects on the society. Even though some people argue that the impact of media cannot be quantified, its influence has far-reaching effects. Of significance is the manner in which our behaviors get transformed by emulating celebs and other prominent people dominating the media. This is usually a perceived assumption that media personalities are perfect in character (Cohen, 2006). The same argument is used by advertising companies to woo customers. By making adverts associated with certain individuals, psychologists have proven that people get easily swayed in decision-making, a concept that marketers take capitalize. However, common representation of women body image in ads has negative effects. Women get satisfied or dissatisfied depending on whether the image portrayed favors them or not. Dissatisfaction results into other unhealthy and fatal cases like personality disorders and change of behavior. On the other hand, satisfaction may influence the society to believe that a certain trend is acceptable and worth nurturing (Tiggem ann Slater, 2003). This research has supported the hypothesis that advertising has a significant impact on body image satisfaction in women. References Berger, P., Luckmann, T. (1991). The social construction of reality: a treatise in the sociology of knowledge. City of Westminster, London: Penguin Books. Biagi, S. (2011). Media Impact: An Introduction to Mass Media. 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The media and body image: if looks could kill. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE.